Correlative Conjunction: Definition, Examples & Rules | English Grammar
Last Updated: 01 Jul, 2025
Welcome! In this lesson, you'll learn all about Correlative Conjunctions in English grammar. We'll cover what they are, provide examples, and show you how to use them correctly. You'll find real-life examples, a quick quiz, and pro tips to help you master this essential grammar topic.
What is a Correlative Conjunction?
Correlative Conjunction Definition: A correlative conjunction is a pair of conjunctions that work together to connect equal elements in a sentence. They come in pairs and must be used together to show the relationship between two ideas.
Why are Correlative Conjunctions Important? They help us emphasize relationships between ideas and create balanced, parallel structures in our sentences.
Function in Grammar
Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to connect equal elements. They create parallel structure and emphasis:
- Both...and: Both cats and dogs are pets.
- Either...or: You can have either tea or coffee.
- Neither...nor: Neither rain nor snow stopped us.
Correlative vs Other Conjunction Types
| Correlative | Coordinating | Subordinating |
|---|---|---|
| both...and | and | because |
| either...or | or | although |
| neither...nor | nor | when |
| not only...but also | but | if |
A correlative conjunction works in pairs, while others work individually.
📌 Correlative Conjunction Challenge!
Can you spot the correlative conjunction pairs in these sentences?
- Both cats and dogs are pets.
- Either you study or you fail.
- Neither rain nor snow stopped us.
Show Answers
- Both...and
- Either...or
- Neither...nor
Examples of Correlative Conjunctions in Sentences
- Both cats and dogs are pets.
- Either you study or you fail.
- Neither rain nor snow stopped us.
- Not only is she smart, but also she is kind.
- Whether you like it or not, you must do it.
- As the sun rises, so does the temperature.
- If you work hard, then you will succeed.
- Both the teacher and the students were happy.
- Either we leave now or we'll be late.
- Not only did he win, but also he broke the record.
Notice how each correlative conjunction pair connects equal elements in the sentence.
List of Common Correlative Conjunctions
- both...and - includes two things
- either...or - shows choice between two options
- neither...nor - excludes both options
- not only...but also - emphasizes addition
- whether...or not - shows alternatives
- as...so - shows comparison
- if...then - shows condition and result
- no sooner...than - shows immediate sequence
- rather...than - shows preference
- such...that - shows degree and result
Types and Functions of Correlative Conjunctions
| Conjunction Pair | Function | Example |
|---|---|---|
| both...and | Inclusion | Both cats and dogs are pets. |
| either...or | Choice | Either tea or coffee. |
| neither...nor | Exclusion | Neither rain nor snow. |
| not only...but also | Emphasis | Not only smart but also kind. |
| whether...or not | Alternative | Whether you like it or not. |
| if...then | Condition | If you work, then you succeed. |
Each correlative conjunction pair serves a specific function in connecting ideas.
Special Rules and Notes
- Parallel Structure: Elements connected by correlative conjunctions must be grammatically similar.
- Placement: Place each part of the pair directly before the elements being connected.
- Subject-Verb Agreement: With "either...or" and "neither...nor," the verb agrees with the closer subject.
- Emphasis: Correlative conjunctions add emphasis and balance to sentences.
- Formality: They're often used in formal writing for sophisticated expression.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Broken Pairs: Don't use only one part of the correlative conjunction pair.
- Parallel Structure Errors: Ensure elements connected are grammatically similar.
- Wrong Placement: Place each part directly before the element it modifies.
- Subject-Verb Disagreement: Remember agreement rules with "either...or" and "neither...nor."
Quick Quiz: Spot the Correlative Conjunction!
Which correlative conjunction pairs are used in these sentences?
- Both cats and dogs are pets.
- Either you study or you fail.
- Neither rain nor snow stopped us.
- Not only is she smart, but also she is kind.
- Whether you like it or not, you must do it.
Answers: both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, whether...or not
Practice Exercises
Exercise 1: Complete the Pairs
Complete these correlative conjunction pairs:
- _____ cats _____ dogs are pets.
- _____ you study _____ you fail.
- _____ rain _____ snow stopped us.
- _____ only is she smart, _____ also she is kind.
- _____ you like it _____ not, you must do it.
Show Answers
- Both...and
- Either...or
- Neither...nor
- Not...but
- Whether...or
Exercise 2: Identify the Function
What function does each correlative conjunction serve?
- both...and
- either...or
- neither...nor
- not only...but also
- whether...or not
Show Answers
- Inclusion
- Choice
- Exclusion
- Emphasis
- Alternative
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a correlative conjunction?
A correlative conjunction is a pair of words that work together to connect balanced words, phrases, or clauses. Common pairs include either...or, neither...nor, both...and, not only...but also.
How do you use correlative conjunctions in a sentence?
Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to connect equal elements. For example: Either you come with us, or you stay home. Both cats and dogs are popular pets.
What are the most common correlative conjunctions?
The most common pairs are: either...or, neither...nor, both...and, not only...but also, whether...or, as...as, such...as, so...as, rather...than.
What is the difference between correlative and coordinating conjunctions?
Coordinating conjunctions are single words (and, but, or) while correlative conjunctions are pairs of words (either...or, both...and) that work together to connect elements.
Can you give examples of correlative conjunctions in sentences?
Yes! Examples: Either we go now, or we miss the show. Neither cats nor dogs can fly. Both teachers and students attended the event. Not only is she smart, but also kind.
What is parallel structure with correlative conjunctions?
Parallel structure means the elements connected by correlative conjunctions should have the same grammatical form. Example: She is both intelligent and hardworking (both adjectives).
How do you use "neither...nor" correctly?
"Neither...nor" connects two negative ideas. When the subjects are singular, use a singular verb. Example: Neither John nor Mary is coming to the party.
What are some common mistakes with correlative conjunctions?
Common mistakes include breaking parallel structure, incorrect verb agreement with neither...nor, and misplacing the conjunction pairs in the sentence.
Conclusion
Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to connect equal elements and create balanced, emphatic sentences. Remember to maintain parallel structure when using them!